Papers

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    Abstract: Modern military satellite communications terminals have typically been built as multiprocessor systems. Because of increasing pressure for reuse and modularity, current programs have been encouraged to consider the use of component middleware. While Common Object Request Broker Architecture is the most mature middleware standard available, its invocation semantics present considerable challenges for the development of such systems. Through reasoning about quality attributes, we found that a real-time publish-subscribe middleware reduces coupling, improves composability, and reduces the risk of architectural mismatch, deadlock, and integration problems compared to an invocationbased system. In building a communications-on-the-move (COTM) node, we found that this type of middleware, which exemplifies an implicit-invocation architectural style, promotes ease of system evolution and an incremental integration approach.

     

  • This whitepaper describes the basic characteristics of real-world systems programming, how the DDS middleware technology can be used to integrate them, and a set of “best practices” guidelines that should be applied when using DDS to implement these systems.

    Real-world systems are systems that interact with the external physical world and must live within the constraints imposed by real-world physics. Good examples include air-traffic control systems, real-time stock trading, command and control (C2) systems, unmanned vehicles, robotic and vetronics, and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. More and more these “real-world” systems are integrated using a Data-Centric PublishSubscribe approach, specifically the programming model defined by the Object Management Group (OMG) Data Distribution Service (DDS) specification.

    This whitepaper provides practical advice on how to use DDS to program these systems

  • Vanderbilt University

    ABSTRACT: Publish/subscribe (pub/sub) middleware platforms for event- based distributed systems often provide many configurable policies that affect end-to-end quality of service (QoS). Although the flexibility and functionality of pub/sub middle- ware platforms has matured, configuring their QoS policies in semantically compatible ways has become more complex.

    This paper makes two contributions to reducing the complexity of configuring QoS policies for event-based distributed systems. First, it evaluates various approaches for managing complex QoS policy configurations in pub/sub middleware platforms. Second, it describes a domain-specific modeling language (DSML) that automates the analysis and synthesis of semantically compatible QoS policy configurations.

  • SYSCOM Laboratory

    Abstract: Data-centric design is emerging as a key tenet for building advanced data-critical distributed real-time and embedded systems. These systems must find the right data, know where to send it, and deliver it to the right place at the right time. Data Distribution Service (DDS) specifies an API designed for enabling real-time data distribution and is well suited for such complex distributed systems and QoS-enabled applications. It is also, widely known that Control Area Networks (CAN) are used in real-time, distributed and parallel processing.

    Thus, the goal idea of this paper is to study an implementation of publish-subscribe messaging middleware that supports the DDS specifications and that is customized for real-time networking. This implementation introduces an efficient approach of data temporal consistency and real-time network-scheduler that schedules network traffic based upon DDS QoS-policies. A simulator has been developed to demonstrate that our implementation fulfills the guarantees predicted by the theoretical results.

  • This robotic application leverages RTI Data-Distribution Service to integrate the different components in a robotic system, such as trajectory generation, control, archiving, OPC components, etc.

    Abstract: Future production concepts which are currently developed in the scope of “agile production” will require autonomous working and transportation platforms which dispose of much higher flexibility and robustness than current autonomous guided vehicle (AGV). One the one hand, such flexibility and robustness will only be possible if an optimal functionality and interoperability of the monitoring, planning, control and diagnosis systems can be achieved. On the other hand, a rapid multidimensional trajectory planning is inevitable in order to achieve the required flexibility and robustness.

    In the first part of this paper a hierarchical and distributed concept and realization proposal will be presented aiming at optimized functionality and interoperability. Based on the concept and the realization proposal, a system for multidimensional trajectory planning called “trajectory kernel” in a basic and an enhanced form will be presented in the second part. The paper concludes with an outlook to the control of multiple autonomous vehicles applying Max-plus-Algebra. It is important to note that the focus of this paper is not a description of the respective algorithms but an explanation of the framework and the application. Investigations about the industrial application of intelligent systems for monitoring, control and diagnosis (Kleinmann et al. 2009, Stetter & Kleinmann 2011) have shown that frequently not the lack of the optimum algorithms but the missing integration in existing infrastructure and a missing higher level concept are important causes for the low application ratio of such intelligent systems. Consequently, research aiming at optimized integration and searching for high level concepts is obviously as desirable as the search for new and improved algorithms.

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    The growing trend towards running publish/subscribe (pub/\-sub)-based distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems in cloud environments motivates the need to achieve end-to-end quality-of-service (QoS) over wide-area networks (WANs).  The OMG Data Distribution Service (DDS) is a data-centric middleware that provides fast, scalable and predictable distribution of real-time critical data.  The DDS standard, however,

    provides QoS control mechanisms that are confined only to the middleware residing at end-systems, which makes it hard to support DRE pub/sub systems over WANs.  A promising solution to this problem is to integrate DDS with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), which is an IP-based signaling protocol that supports real-time applications involving voice, video, and multimedia sessions via the QoS mechanisms in IP networks. 

     

    This paper describes our approach to bridge the SIP protocol and DDS to realize DDS-based applications over QoS-enabled IP WANs by overcoming both inherent and accidental complexities in their integration.  An exemplar of the proposed approach for IP DiffServ networks is described, which uses the Common Open Policy Server (COPS) protocol to assure QoS for cloud-hosted DRE pub/sub applications.  To distinguish the DDS traffic from other best-effort traffic in the cloud environment, our approach uses the COPS-DRA protocol as a generic protocol for automatic service-level negotiation and the integration of this protocol in an overall QoS management architecture to manage service levels over multiple domains deploying different QoS technologies.

     

  • CNRS; LAAS, Universite

     

    Abstract—The use of simulation in training and education enables to prepare personal in realistic environment. But the cost and the complexity to create and reuse simulations often

    limits their application. In this paper we investigate a low cost and high fidelity PC-based simulator based on Data Distribution Service (DDS) middleware. The main parts of the systems and

    the architecture, including the hardware and the software are introduced. Real-time networking between distributed simulators is achieved using a reliable distributed communication, which

    employs publish-subscribe middleware build using OMG-DDS. Result shows these methods could produce low cost, extensible, reliable and distributed simulators.

    http://community.rti.com/sites/default/files/users/Hakiri/103.pdf

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    Abstract: In this paper, we describe our approach for intersection safety developed in the scope of the European project INTERSAFE-2. A complete solution for the safety problem including the tasks of perception and risk assessment using on-board lidar and stereo-vision sensors will be presented and interesting results are shown.

     

  • ENIT SYS-COM

    This paper describe a details of implementing for DDS to be publish data in CAN BUS

    Abstract: The Publish/Subscribe paradigm matches well with these systems. Data Distribution Service (DDS) is a Publish/Subscribe data-centric middleware. It specifies an API designed for enabling real-time data distribution and is well suited for such complex distributed systems and QoS-enabled applications. Unfortunately, the need to transmit a large number of sensor measurements over a network negatively affects the timing parameters of the control loops. The CAN-bus enables the information from a large number of sensor measurements to be conveyed within a few messages. Its priority-based medium access control is used to select the sensor messages with high timing constraints. This approach greatly reduces the time for obtaining a snapshot of the environment state and therefore supports the real- time requirements of feedback control loops.

    The use of the “ Publish/Subscribe/Distribute ” paradigm and the underlying real -time CAN-Bus is a currently research topic an d only today few works exist in this area. These activities are headed by University of ULM & German National Research Center for Information Technology and by Software Architecture Lab, Seoul National University as well as by our "Control and Communication Technologies" research group at the National School of Engineering of Tunis (ENIT), Department of Computer and Communication Technologies, headed by myself. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate how DDS API is implemented on a CAN-Bus.

  • ENIT SYS-COM

    Distributed computing in complex embedded systems gain complexity, when these systems are equipped with many microcontrollers which oversee diverse Electronic Control Units (ECU) connecting hundreds or thousands of analogue and digital sensors and actuators. The Publish/Subscribe paradigm matches well with these systems. Data Distribution Service (DDS) is a publish/subscribe data-centric middleware. It specifies an API designed for enabling real-time data distribution and is well suited for such complex distributed systems and QoS-enabled applications. Unfortunately, the need to transmit a large number of sensor measurements over a network negatively affects the timing parameters of the control loops. The CAN-bus enables the information from a large number of sensor measurements to be conveyed within a few messages. Its priority-based medium access control is used to select the sensor messages with high timing constraints. This approach greatly reduces the time for obtaining a snapshot of the environment state and therefore supports the real-time requirements of feedback control loops. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate how DDS API is implemented on a CAN-Bus and gives performance evaluation related to delivery and transport QoS parameters.

  • RTI

    The OMG Data Distribution Service (DDS) is an emerging specification for publish-subscribe data distribution systems. The purpose of the specification is to provide a common application-level interface that clearly defines the data distribution service. The specification describes the service using UML, thus providing a platform-independent model that can then be mapped into a variety of concrete platforms and programming languages.

    The OMG DDS attempts to unify the common practice of several existing implementations [2, 5] enumerating and providing formal definitions for the QoS (Quality of Service) settings that can be used to configure the service.

    This paper introduces the OMG DDS specification, describes the main aspects of the model, QoS settings, and gives examples of the communication scenarios it supports.

  • Many present-day safety-critical or mission-critical military applications are deployed using intrinsically static architectures. Often these applications are real-time systems, where late responses may cause potentially catastrophic results. Static architectures allow system developers to certify with a high degree of confidence that their systems will provide correct functionality during operation, but a more adaptive approach could provide some clear benefits. In particular, the ability to dynamically reconfigure the system at run time would give increased flexibility and performance in response to unpredictable or unplanned operating scenarios.

    Many current dynamic architectural approaches provide little or no features to facilitate the highly dependable, real-time performance required by critical systems. The challenge is to provide the features and benefits of dynamic architectural approaches while still achieving the required level of performance and dependability. This paper describes the early results of an ongoing research programme, part funded by the Software Systems Engineering Initiative (SSEI), aimed at developing a more adaptive software architecture for future military systems. A range of architectures with adaptive features (including object-based, agent based and publish/subscribe) are reviewed against the desirable characteristics of highly dependable systems. A publish/subscribe architecture is proposed as a potential way forward and a discussion of its advantages and disadvantages for highly dependable, real-time systems is given.

  • Vanderbilt University

    Abstract: Recent trends in distributed real-time and embed- ded (DRE) systems motivate the development of infor- mation management capabilities that ensure the right information is delivered to the right place at the right time to satisfy quality of service (QoS) requirements in heterogeneous environments. A promising approach to building and evolving large-scale and long-lived DRE information management systems are standards-based QoS-enabled publish/subscribe (pub/sub) platforms that enable participants to communicate by publishing information they have and subscribing to information they need in a timely manner. Since there is little exist- ing evaluation of how well these platforms meet the performance needs of DRE information management, this paper provides two contributions: (1) it describes three common architectures for the OMG Data Distri- bution Service (DDS), which is a QoS-enabled pub/sub platform standard, and (2) it evaluates implementa- tions of these architectures to investigate their design tradeoffs and compare their performance with each other and with other pub/sub middleware. Our results show that DDS implementations perform significantly better than non-DDS alternatives and are well-suited for certain classes of data-critical DRE information management systems.

  • Abstract: The real-time distributed computing environment and reusable software architecture are important factors that affect the fidelity of flight simulation. We accomplished a flight simulator based on DDS (Data Distribution Service for Real-time Systems) middleware and structural software architecture and proved its high fidelity as a flight training device. According to the analysis of flight simulator’s functional blocks, we developed the real-time distributed computing environment which utilized DDS middleware through Ethernet and decreased the communication latency among functional blocks. Furthermore, we proposed the structural software architecture on the basis of layered and component-based design pattern to facilitate the higher simulation components’ reuse and replacement. The real-time communication procedures among simulation components are also described in this paper. The validation method and the contrasting simulation results are presented finally to show the feasible design based on DDS to carry out flight simulation with low communication latency and high quality.

  • Abstract: This paper presents the communication network for machine vision system to implement to control systems and logistics applications in industrial environment. The real-time distributed over the network is very important for communication among vision node, image processing and control as well as the distributed I/O node. A robust implementation both with respect to camera packaging and data transmission has been accounted. This network consists of a gigabit Ethernet network and a switch with integrated fire-wall is used to distribute the data and provide connection to the imaging control station and IEC-61131 conform signal integration comprising the Modbus TCP protocol. The real-time and delay time properties each part on the network were considered and worked out in this paper.

  • UC Berkeley

    Abstract: The Internet has evolved greatly from its original incarnation. For instance, the vast majority of current Internet usage is data retrieval and service access, whereas the architecture was designed around host-to-host applications such as telnet and ftp. Moreover, the original Internet was a purely transparent carrier of packets, but now the various network stakeholders use middleboxes to improve security and accelerate applications. To adapt to these changes, we propose the Data-Oriented Network Architecture (DONA), which involves a clean-slate redesign of Internet naming and name resolution.

  • Abstract: Many complex distributed real-time applications need complicated processing and sharing of an extensive amount of data under critical timing constraints. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the Data Distribution Service standard (DDS) and describe its QoS features for developing real-time applications. An overview of an active real-time database (ARTDB) named Agilor is also provided. For efficient expressing QoS policy in Agilor, a Real-time ECA (RECA) rule model is presented based on common ECA rule. And then we propose a novel QoS-aware Real-Time Publish-Subscribe (QRTPS) service compatible to DDS for distributed real-time data acquisition. Furthermore, QRTPS is implemented on Agilor by using objects and RECA rules in Agilor. To illustrate the benefits of QRTPS for real-time data acquisition, an example application is presented.

  • Abstract: There’s a world of opportunity for distributed embedded and real-time applications. The list of applications goes on and on: military systems, telecommunications, factory automation, traffic control, financial trading, medical imaging, building automation, consumer electronics, and more. These applications must find the right data, know where to send it, and deliver it to the right place at the right time. The publish-subscribe paradigm according to DDS is the best fit to such complex distributed applications that require a powerful communications model.

    Thus, the goal idea of this paper is to study the defaults within a network of publish-subscribe nodes occurring in a clustered middleware, in order to calculate the loss rates while allowing for the caching size. A simulator has been developed in order to fix metrics chosen in the theoretical part.

  • Abstract: To realize real-time information sharing in generic platforms, it is especially important to support dynamic message structure changes. For the case of IDL, it is necessary to rewrite applications to change data sample structures. In this paper, we propose a dynamic reconfiguration scheme of data sample structures for DDS. Instead of using IDL, which is the static data sample structure model of DDS, we use a self describing model using data sample schema, as a dynamic data sample structure model to support dynamic reconfiguration of data sample structures. We also propose a data propagation model to provide data persistency in distributed environments. We guarantee persistency by transferring data samples through relay nodes to the receiving nodes, which have not participated in the data distribution network at the data sample distribution time. The proposed schemes can be utilized to support data sample structure changes during operation time and to provide data persistency in various environments, such as real-time enterprise environments and connection-less internet environments.

  • Abstract: Seaware is a publish-subscribe middleware used in multi-vehicle networked systems composed of autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles and systems.

    Seaware provides a high level interface to network communications and may be deployed with a combination of heterogeneous components within a dynamic network. Seaware supports the RTPS (Real Time Publish Subscribe) protocol, underwater acoustic modems and other forms of network transport. This paper gives an overview of Seaware's implementation and its application to multi-vehicle networked systems.

    UPorto-Seaware.pdf

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