4.15. Debugging

Please note that this chapter applies to Connext Micro and Connext Cert. However, in Connext Cert logging is only available in the Debug libraries.

4.15.1. Overview

Connext Micro maintains a log of events occuring in a Connext Micro application. Information on each event is formatted into a log entry. Each entry can be stored in a buffer, stringified into a displayable log message, and/or redirected to a user-defined log handler.

For a list of error codes, please refer to C Logging Reference or C++ Logging Reference.

4.15.2. Configuring Logging

By default, Connext Micro sets the log verbosity to Error. It can be changed at any time by calling OSAPI_Log_set_verbosity() using the desired verbosity as a parameter.

Note that when compiling with RTI_CERT defined, logging is completely removed.

The Connext Micro log stores new log entries in a log buffer.

The default buffer size is different for Debug and Release libraries. The Debug libraries are configured to use a much larger buffer than the Release ones. A custom buffer size can be configured using the OSAPI_Log_set_property() function. For example, to set a buffer size of 128 bytes:

struct OSAPI_LogProperty prop = OSAPI_LogProperty_INIITALIZER;

OSAPI_Log_get_property(&prop);
prop.max_buffer_size = 128;
OSAPI_Log_set_property(&prop);

Note that if the buffer size is too small, log entries will be truncated in order to fit in the available buffer.

The function used to write the logs can be set during compilation by defining the macro OSAPI_LOG_WRITE_BUFFER. This macro shall have the same parameters as the function prototype OSAPI_Log_write_buffer_T.

It is also possible to set this function during runtime by using the function OSAPI_Log_set_property():

struct OSAPI_LogProperty prop = OSAPI_LogProperty_INIITALIZER;

OSAPI_Log_get_property(&prop);
prop.write_buffer = <pointer to user defined write function>;
OSAPI_Log_set_property(&prop);

A user can install a log handler function to process each new log entry. The handler must conform to the definition OSAPI_LogHandler_T, and it is set by OSAPI_Log_set_log_handler().

When called, the handler has parameters containing the raw log entry and detailed log information (e.g., error code, module, file and function names, line number).

The log handler is called for every new log entry, even when the log buffer is full. An expected use case is redirecting log entries to another logger, such as one native to a particular platform.

4.15.3. Log Message Kinds

Each log entry is classified as one of the following kinds:

  • Error. An unexpected event with negative functional impact.

  • Warning. An event that may not have negative functional impact but could indicate an unexpected situation.

  • Information. An event logged for informative purposes.

By default, the log verbosity is set to Error, so only error logs will be visible. To change the log verbosity, simply call the function OSAPI_Log_set_verbosity() with the desired verbosity level.

4.15.4. Interpreting Log Messages and Error Codes

A log entry in Connext Micro has a defined format.

Each entry contains a header with the following information:

  • Length. The length of the log message, in bytes.

  • Module ID. A numerical ID of the module from which the message was logged.

  • Error Code. A numerical ID for the log message. It is unique within a module.

Though referred to as an “error” code, it exists for all log kinds (error, warning, info).

The module ID and error code together uniquely identify a log message within Connext Micro.

Connext Micro can be configured to provide additional details per log message:

  • Line Number. The line number of the source file from which the message is logged.

  • Module Name. The name of the module from which the message is logged.

  • Function Name. The name of the function from which the message is logged.

When an event is logged, by default it is printed as a message to standard output. An example error entry looks like this:

[943921909.645099999]ERROR: ModuleID=7 Errcode=200 X=1 E=0 T=1
dds_c/DomainFactory.c:163/DDS_DomainParticipantFactory_get_instance: kind=19

  • X Extended debug information is present, such as file and line number.

  • E Exception, the log message has been truncated.

  • T The log message has a valid timestamp (successful call to OSAPI_System_get_time()).

A log message will need to be interpreted by the user when an error or warning has occurred and its cause needs to be determined, or the user has set a log handler and is processing each log message based on its contents.

A description of an error code printed in a log message can be determined by following these steps:

  • Navigate to the module that corresponds to the Module ID, or the printed module name in the second line. In the above example, “ModuleID=7” corresponds to DDS.

  • Search for the error code to find it in the list of the module’s error codes. In the example above, with “Errcode=200,” search for “200” to find the log message that has the value “(DDSC_LOG_BASE + 200)”.